Learn Programming and Web Development with IdiotsDiary

Program description Program to find the telephone bill as per the following rules -:
Call RangeBill<=100Rs./- 0 per call101-200Rs./- 1 per call201-300Rs./- 0.50 per call301-500Rs./- 0.20 per call>500Rs./- 0.10 per callRental ChargesRs./- 130 C Program#include #define RENTAL 130 int main() { int nc; float bill; printf("Enter the number of calls: "); scanf("%d",&nc); if(nc <= 100) { bill = 0; } else if(nc <= 200) { bill = (nc - 100) * 1 + 0; } else if(nc <= 300) { bill = (nc - 200) * 0.50 + 100 + 0; } else if(nc <= 500) { bill = (nc - 300) * 0.20 + 50 + 100 + 0; } else { bill = (nc - 500) * 0.10 + 40 + 50 + 100 + 0; } //final bill including rental bill += RENTAL; printf("Total bill = %.2f",bill); return 0; } C++ Program#include #define RENTAL 130 using namespace std; int main() { int nc; float bill; cout << "Enter the number of calls: "; cin >> nc; if(nc <= 100) { bill …

Suppose you want to store the 10 numbers. The one choice is to create a 10 different variable but it is difficult when number of variable are increases. So the next solution that is more feasible is array. An array is the collection of various similar type elements stored in contiguous memory locations. All the array elements share the common name. To uniquely identify each element an index or subscript is associated with the element. so the array is also known as subscript variable. In the given figure arrangement of array elements are shown. The address of the first element is 100. If the given array is of type integer and integer occupies 2 bytes then the next element in the array has address 102,104 etc as given in the figure. How to access array elements using subscript operator it is also shown in the given figure.Array index always start with 0. To access array element subscript operator is used.[] is called subscript operator.a[0] read a of 0 or 0th element of aCreating/Declar…

Problem DescriptionIf a year is divisible by 4, then it is called leap year.But all the centuries are divisible by 4, so to check a century is a leap year or not, we check divisibility by 400 of a year.If a century is divisible by 400 then the century is called leap year otherwise not. Basic Logic Snippets (In C)if(year % 100 == 0) { if (year % 400 == 0) { printf("%d is a leap year",year); } else { printf("%d is not a leap year",year); } }else { if(year % 4 == 0) { printf("%d is a leap year",year); } else { printf("%d is not a leap year",year); } } OutputTest-1 Enter any year: 1996
1996 is a leap year Test-2 Enter any year: 1600
1600 is a leap year Test-3 Enter any year: 1800
1800 is not a leap year Improved your logicNote: Generate wrong output in some cases, but helpful to understand upcoming logicif(year % 100 == 0 && year % 400 ==0 || year % 4 == 0) { printf("%d is a leap year",year); } else { printf(&qu…

package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
var a,b int
a = 5
b = 10
sum := a + b
fmt.Println("Total = ",sum)
} Explanationvar a,b int: declare two variable a and b. Learn here how to create variablea = 5 and b = 10 assign 5,10 to a,b respectivelysum:= a + b:  adds a and b and store the result in sum as well as created sum variable with the short variable declaration (:=). fmt.Println("Total = ",sum): prints the result as Total = 15 ImprovementsAbove program always returns fixed result Total = 15, because a and b are initialized with fixed value 5, 10 respectively.So this program can be improved by using user input.As well as above program variable declaration and initialization can be done in a single statement as shown here var a,b int = 5 , 10
OR
var a,b = 5 , 10 Sum of two numbers with user input package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
var a,b int
fmt.Print("Enter any two numbers: ")
fmt.Scan(&a,&b)
sum := a + b
fmt.Println("Total …

Strings are sequence of characters with definite length and can be created by enclosing in double quotes "Hello Go" and back ticks `Hello Go`. A string is a sequence of characters.Strings are the collection of individual bytes, where each character occupy single byte.Characters out of the ASCII characters (can say characters from other languages) occupy more than one byte.A string can be created by enclosing in double quotes "Hello Go" or backticks `Hello Go`.The difference between double quotes and backticks is that double quotes allow escape sequences like \n (newline) and \t (tab) and parses them but backticks don't. Example-1: package main
import "fmt"
func main( ) {
        fmt.Println(len("Hello Go"))
        fmt.Println("Hello Go"[1])
        fmt.Println("Hello"+" "+"Go")
} Output: 8101Hello Go 
 Output Explained:

fmt.Println(len("Hello Go")) returns the length of the string "Hell…

What is identifier.A Name in Java program is called identifier, which can be used for identification purpose.It can be a class name, interface name, method name, label name, variable name etc. Example






In the above example words marked with red underline are identifiers.As you can see there are 5 identifiersTest (Class Name)main (Method Name)String (Pre-defined Class Name)args (Variable Name)println(Method Name) Rules / Convention for Identifier Naming While defining Java identifier name, we have to follow some rules as listed below. Allowed characters in Java identifier are listed below. A to Z (Uppercase letters)a to z (Lowercase letters)0 to 9 (Digits)_ (Underscore)$ (Dollar sign)Example: contact_number (✓)contact#(✕)Identifier can't starts with digit.Exampleabc123 (✓)123abc (✕)Java is a case sensitive language all variable listed below are different, but it is not a good programming practice.int total = 10; (✓)int TOTAL = 10; (✓)int Total = 10; (✓)In Java, there is not limit on …

Pointer is called the soul of c. The importance of pointer can be understood by the fact that most of the device driver or embedded system program are created in c. Pointer makes the c most usable and flexible programming. Due to the availability of the pointer, it is possible to write a program such as a device driver. These programs are also known as the device driver. To understand the pointer we have to first understand the memory organization of any variable. The following figure shows the fact. Whenever a variable stored in memory it occupies some memory space and every memory space has a unique number associated with it known as an address. Every byte in member has a different address. If we create an integer variable and suppose it occupy 2 bytes in memory, then two addresses are associated with it but its first address is enough to access it. so the address of next bytes is less useful. To access the address of a variable & (Address of) operator is used. To understand the…

What is Data typeIn Java every variable have some type. For example in the code snippet below x should be int and b should be boolean type variable. x = 10; b = true;Similarly in Java every expression also have some type.For example in the following code snippet if a + b + c would result int type result because a, b and c are int type variables. int a, b, c, d;
a = 1; b = 1; c = 1;
d  = a + b + c; Strictly type checking In Java, each type is strictly defined means byte have range from -128 to 127, so value out of from this range is not acceptable by byte type.Each assignment is strictly checked for type compatibility.Due to above two reason java is called strongly type checked language.   Primitive Data Types Signed / Unsigned Data types Examples int a = 10; (✓) int a = -10; (✓) float x = -5.8; (✓) char ch = -'a'; (✕) boolean b = -true; (✕) boolean b = true; (✓)Except boolean and char other primitive data type can be positive or negative.Data types which can have positive or…

Introduction to decision making Sometimes we need to introduce a power in our program, that our program should automatically make the decision.

For example:  if the temperature of the day is more than 20 degree then it's hot otherwise it's cool.

To introduce this kind of power in our program, we use decision making statements as the list below...
if-else statementsnested if-else statementselse-if ladderswitch/case-control statement Let's create a program to check whether a number is even or odd. Program to check a number is even or odd in Go lang. package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
var n int32
fmt.Print("Enter any number:")
fmt.Scan(&n)
if n % 2 == 0 {
fmt.Println(n,"is even")
} else {
fmt.Println(n,"is odd")
}
} Output: Enter any number:55
55 is odd  Explanation:A number is even if it is divisible by 2 otherwise odd.So to check a number is even or odd, we need to check divisibility by 2.To perform the divisibility test we use mod (%…

On WindowsDownload the latest version of go MSI installer from https://golang.org/dl/ best suited for your system architecture.Start the installation by double-clicking on the installer and installer wizard will open as given in the following figure. For the installation follow the wizard instructions.Note that when you installing go lang using installer then it will ask the location where go will be installed as shown in the figure below. Installation directory of go lang is called GOROOT here the GOROOT is c:\go directory.After this follow the wizard instructions and complete the go lang installation. Test Go installation To Check that Go is installed correctly or not, you need to create a go workspace (a place /folder/directory in which you save you go programs) and create a sample go program and run the program using the command line. The sample program is given below...You can create a sample program by using any simple text editor like notepad, notepad++, sublime or anyone you lik…